Drill for deep wells.



No. 767,685. PATENTED AUG. 16, 1904.

A. F. DARLING. DRILL FOR DEEP WELLS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 20,1903.

NO MODEL.

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PATENT OFFICE.

ABRAM F. DARLING, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO CENTRALDRILL CO., OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, A CORPO- RATION OF NEVADA.

DRILL FOR DEEP WELLS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 767,685, dated August16, 1904.

Application filed November 20, 1908. Serial No. 182,042. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ABRAM F. DARLING, a citizen of the United States,residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco and State ofCalifornia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Drillsfor Deep Wells, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in drills for drilling deep wells,the object of my invention being to provide a device of this characterwhich shall be more effective for this purpose than those heretoforeused.

My invention therefore resides in the novel construction, combination,and arrangement of parts for the above ends hereinafter fully specified,and particularly pointed out in the claims.

' In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view showing the casing ofthe well in vertical section, showing also the drill-head in sideelevation, but partly broken away. Fig. 2 is an enlarged broken verticalsection of the drill-support. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the upperportion of the drill-head, looking upward. Fig. 4 is a cross-section ofthe lower portion thereof, looking downward. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectionon the line A A;

Referring to the drawings, 1 represents the casing of the well, 2 thedrill-rod, and 3 the drill-bit. Said drill-bit is screwed into adrill-head 4, which is secured, by means of screws 5, within the lowerend of a cylinder 6. Within the upper end of the cylinder is secured inlike manner by screws 7 a head 8, which is screwed into the end of adrill-rod 9.

In constructions heretofore employed, in which the bottom of the well iscut by means of the impact of a reciprocating bit, whenever a slantinghard rock or boulder has been encountered the result would be that thebit striking said boulder would glance off to one side, the effect beingnot only to reduce the force of the stroke, but also to tend to causecrookedness in the well, so that when the bend in the well wassubsequently reached by the casing it would be impossible to drive thecasing farther.

It is the object of my invention to overcome this very serious obstacle.This I do in the following manner: First I provide the metallic cylinder6, connecting the head of the drillbit with the end of the rod, asalready explained, and almost filling up the casing, and then on theoutside of the cylinder are secured by screws 10 vertical skids 11, ofwood, which almost touch the casing. These skids permit the whole deviceto slide vertically substantially in contact with the inner surface ofthe casing. With this construction, then, should the drill-bit strike asloping boulder or rock there is no possibility of the bit glancing toone side, because it is maintained vertical by means of the engagementof the long cylinder 6, rigidly secured to the bit, with the lower endof the casing.

A further improvement resides in the means for reaming out the well to agreater diameter than the casing. For this purpose the head of the bitis formed with transverse oblique cavities 13, meeting at the center ofthe head, and in said cavities are received the reamers 14L, pivoted ona transverse pin 15. Said pin extends through the head; but its endsabut against the inner surface of the cylinder, as shown in dotted linesin Fig. 4. The outer ends of said reamers are beveled or sloped outwarddownwardly, as shown at 16,

so that said outwardly-sloping ends on strik ing the lower edge of thecasing in being drawn upward are pressed inward, permitting the reamersto ascend within the casing. They are, however, normally pressed outwardby means of a compressed spring 17, which passes through a transverseaperture in the drill-head, the ends of said spring abutting against theinner sides of said reamers.

The above is a very simple and effective construction for providingreamers in conjunction with a drill-bit. No special means are requiredfor maintaining the pin in place, as all that is necessaryis to pass thepin through the apertures in the head and then secure the head withinthe end of the cylinder, which thus keeps the pin in place. The

head is cut out, as shown, to form a solid abutment against the uppersurface of each reamer substantially its whole length, while at the sametime said reamers are permitted free inward movement when it is desireoto remove the device.

In order to exclude clay or other earthy matter at the bottom of thewell from the oblique cavities 13, which might prevent the closing ofthe reamers in withdrawing the device, there is provided for each reamera gate 18, extending below the reamer and in front of the cavity 13,said gate being pivoted on the sides of the reamer by pins 19 and heldin place by a stop 20. These gates effecfiially preserve freedom ofmovement for the reamers.

While I have herein shown the preferred form of my invention, I do notdesire to be limited thereto, as many changes and modifications may bemade without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Where in the claims the skids are specified as of wood, it is to beunderstood that the equivalent of wood is included thereby.

I claim 1. In combination with a drill-rod and a drill-bit, a deviceconnecting said rod and bit having removably secured thereto a pluralitygreater than two of longitudinal skids substantially in contact with thecasingand arranged substantially symmetrically around said device, saidskids being formed of soft material to prevent wear on the casing,substantially as described.

2. In combination with the drill-rod and the drill-bit, a cylindersecured at its upper end to the drill-rod and at its lower end to thedrill-bit, and vertical wooden skids of equal lengths symmetricallysecured on the outside of the cylinder, substantially as described.

3. In combination with the drill-rod and the drill-bit, a cylindersecured to said drill-rod, vertical skids of wood secured on the outsideof the cylinder, a bit-head secured in the lower end of the cylinder, areamer pivoted in said bit-head, a spring for normally extending saidreamer, and a bit secured to said bit-head,- substantially as described.

4. In combination with a drill-rod, a cylinder-head secured thereto, acylinder secured to said head, vertical skids of wood secured on theoutside of said cylinder, a bit-head secured in the lower end of saidcylinder, reamers pivoted in said bit-head, a spring for normallyextending said reamers and a bit secured to said bit-head, substantiallyas described.

5. In a device of the character described, in combination with adrill-rod, a head secured to said rod, a metallic cylinder secured tosaid head, vertical skids of wood secured on the outside of saidcylinder, a bit-head secured to the lower end of said cylinder havingoblique recesses meeting each other, reamers in said recesses, atransverse pin upon which said reamers are pivoted, said pin passingthrough said head, its ends abutting against the inner surface of thecylinder, a bit secured to said head, and a spring in a transverseaperture in the bit-head, the ends of said spring abutting against saidreamers to extend the same, substantially as described.

6. In combination with a drill-rod and a drill-bit, a reamer pivotallymounted in the bit-head, a spring for normally extending said reamer,and a gate pivotally secured to said reamer and moving therewith infront of the cavity in which said reamer reciprocates to close the same,substantially as described.

7. In combination with the drill-rod and the drill-bit, a reamer pivotedin the bit-head, and a gate extending below the reamer and in front ofthe cavity in which the reamer reciprocates to close the same, said gatebeing pivoted to the sides of the reamer, and a stop holding said gatein place, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

ABRAM F. DARLING.

Witnesses:

W. E. SMITH, AMBROSE HARRIS.

